Soil, fertilizer and water management measures for main crops after flood

Currently, it is a critical season for the growth of various crops. Since the flood season, successive rounds of heavy rainfall have had a greater impact on agricultural production. The root system of crops, due to soil flooding or the respiration of microorganisms and roots in the soil, reduces the oxygen concentration in the rhizosphere and forms a variety of hypoxic and anaerobic states, which affects the normal physiological metabolism and growth of crops, thereby causing retting and root rot Cause dead trees. Soaking in water for a long time will seriously affect the fertility of the soil, the loss of fertilizer will be serious, the phenomenon of soil compaction will be aggravated, and the outbreak of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria in the soil is very easy. Main measures for the management of soil, fertilizer and water after major crop disasters:

(1) Rice

　　 Dredge the ditches, open the field drainage ditches to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation; flush the blade mud and apply fertilizer in time. Fertilization principles: First, a small amount of multiple times, the soaking time is short, the disaster is lighter, and the harvest is promising. After draining for 5-7 days, topdressing quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer according to the soil drainage and drying conditions, small amounts and multiple times to promote its growth; It is an extra-root top dressing. After waterlogging, the root system of the crop is damaged and the ability to absorb fertilizer water is weak. It is not suitable to apply root fertilizer immediately. Foliar top dressing should be used. Spray 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acids ( The spraying concentration is based on different product instructions), once every 7 days, usually 2 to 3 times; the third is to look at the seedlings to replenish silicon. For rice and water chestnut, the seedlings need to be refilled with silicon fertilizer. Apply silicon fertilizer to promote plant recovery.

 

 (2) Vegetables and dry crops

　　 For flooded vegetable crops, spray water to wash leaves, remove residual branches and diseased leaves, and reduce plant nutrient consumption. For lodging dry grain crops, it is necessary to promptly correct the crops and properly cultivate the soil and protect the roots. If the vegetable field is flooded and the vegetable is damaged, actively harvest and market the disaster-stricken vegetables that still have market value to reduce losses, and change crops in time, re-seed or replant, and increase vegetable revenue.

　　 Clean the ditch and drain water in time, carry out cultivating and loosen the soil to increase the air permeability of the soil. Supplement fertilizers, top dressing with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers, supplemented with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, to make up for the lost soil nutrients and promote plant growth as soon as possible. Applying biological bacterial fertilizer to roots can enhance disease resistance.

 

(3) mulberry tea fruit

　　 One is to drain the garden in time. For the flooded land, open ditches and drains in time to quickly remove the accumulated water in the garden and clean up the sludge. If conditions permit, sprayers and other tools can be used to clean the mud debris on the flooded plants in time with clean water.

　　 The second is to loosen the soil in time. For orchards that have been flooded for a long time, lime can be sprayed on the ground for soil disinfection. Soil compaction in the orchard after flooding can easily cause hypoxia in the root system. When the surface soil of the orchard is basically dry, loosen the soil in time to prevent root rot.

　　 The third is top dressing outside the root. After the tree body is waterlogged, the root system is damaged, and the ability to absorb fertilizer and water is weak. It is not suitable to apply fertilizer to the root immediately. You can choose 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% urea, etc. for extra-root topdressing. Every 5 days or so, spray 2-3 times. After the tree's vigor is restored, apply decomposed organic fertilizer, cake fertilizer or urea to promote new roots.